On a **dual carriageway**, **passenger cars** are not allowed to drive on the **hard shoulder** under any circumstances, even if there is very heavy traffic. The hard shoulder is primarily intended for certain slower vehicles or those with special characteristics, such as bicycles, mopeds, and vehicles for people with reduced mobility. Automobiles, like passenger cars, must drive in the designated lanes and not on the hard shoulder, except in cases of emergency or breakdown.


Additionally, in emergency situations, such as a breakdown, passenger cars may use the hard shoulder to stop, but not to drive. If the vehicle is still functioning but cannot maintain the appropriate speed, it must exit the dual carriageway at the first available exit. Therefore, driving on the hard shoulder on a dual carriageway with heavy traffic is not allowed for passenger cars.